Program CANOCO Version 4.0 September 1997 - written by Cajo J.F. ter Braak Copyright (c) 1988-1997 Centre for Biometry Wageningen, CPRO-DLO Box 100, 6700 AC Wageningen, the Netherlands. CANOCO performs (partial) (detrended) (canonical) correspondence analysis, principal components analysis and redundancy analysis. CANOCO is an extension of Cornell Ecology program DECORANA (Hill,1979) For explanation of the input/output see the manual or Ter Braak, C.J.F. (1995) Ordination. Chapter 5 in: Data Analysis in Community and Landscape Ecology (Jongman, R.H.G., Ter Braak, C.J.F. and Van Tongeren, O.F.R., Eds) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 91-173 pp. *** Type of analysis *** Model Gradient analysis indirect direct hybrid linear 1=PCA 2= RDA 3 unimodal 4= CA 5= CCA 6 ,, 7=DCA 8=DCCA 9 10=non-standard analysis Type analysis number Answer = 2 *** Data files *** Species data : GRID_SPE.DTA Covariable data : GRID_ENV.DTA Environmental data : GRID_ENV.DTA Initialization file: Forward selection of envi. variables = 0 Scaling of ordination scores = 1 Diagnostics = 1 File : GRID_SPE.DTA Title : 20 X 20 vegetation samples of wetland KOOLMANSDIJK (ter Braak & Wiertz 1994) Format : (I5,8(I5,F4.0)) No. of couplets of species number and abundance per line : 8 No samples omitted Number of samples 40 Number of species 100 Number of occurrences 1572 File : GRID_ENV.DTA Title : 5*4 gridcells, 4 strips, 2 years, pH/waterd KOOLMANSDIJK (ter Braak & Wiertz 1 Format : (I3,3(I3,F3.0),I3,F6.0,2(I3,F5.0)) No. of covariables : 30 No interaction terms defined ****************************************************************************** Names of covariables ****************************************************************************** A1 A2 A3 A4 B1 B2 B3 B4 C1 C2 C3 C4 D1 D2 D3 D4 E1 E2 E3 E5 1977 1988 ****************************************************************************** File : GRID_ENV.DTA Title : 5*4 gridcells, 4 strips, 2 years, pH/waterd KOOLMANSDIJK (ter Braak & Wiertz 1 Format : (I3,3(I3,F3.0),I3,F6.0,2(I3,F5.0)) No. of environmental variables : 30 *** Interaction terms *** Variable 31 = variable 30 * variable 26 Variable 32 = variable 30 * variable 27 No transformation of species data No species-weights specified No sample-weights specified Centring/standardization by species = 1 Centring/standardization by samples = 0 No. of active samples: 40 No. of passive samples: 0 No. of active species: 100 Total sum of squares in species data = 1124.95 Total standard deviation in species data TAU = .530318 Covariable E5 is linearly dependent, hence ignored Covariable 1988 is linearly dependent, hence ignored ****** Collinearity detected when fitting variable 32 ****** 1 **** Correlation matrix **** SPEC AX1 1.0000 SPEC AX2 -.2462 1.0000 SPEC AX3 -.2040 .0000 1.0000 SPEC AX4 .0770 .0000 .0000 1.0000 ENVI AX1 .9287 .0000 .0000 .0000 1.0000 ENVI AX2 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 ENVI AX3 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 ENVI AX4 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 Wat*1977 -.9287 .0000 .0000 .0000 -1.0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 Wat*1988 .9287 .0000 .0000 .0000 1.0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 SPEC AX1 SPEC AX2 SPEC AX3 SPEC AX4 ENVI AX1 ENVI AX2 ENVI AX3 ENVI AX4 Wat*1977 1.0000 Wat*1988 -1.0000 1.0000 Wat*1977 Wat*1988 N name (weighted) mean stand. dev. inflation factor 1 SPEC AX1 .0000 .2303 2 SPEC AX2 .0000 .1718 3 SPEC AX3 .0000 .1570 4 SPEC AX4 .0000 .1358 5 ENVI AX1 .0000 .2139 6 ENVI AX2 .0000 .0000 7 ENVI AX3 .0000 .0000 8 ENVI AX4 .0000 .0000 31 Wat*1977 51.7000 52.4720 68.4732 32 Wat*1988 65.2000 65.8138 .0000 **** Summary **** Axes 1 2 3 4 Total variance Eigenvalues : .046 .030 .025 .018 1.000 Species-environment correlations : .929 .000 .000 .000 Cumulative percentage variance of species data : 18.4 30.4 40.3 47.7 of species-environment relation: 100.0 .0 .0 .0 Sum of all unconstrained eigenvalues .248 Sum of all canonical eigenvalues .046 The sum of all unconstrained eigenvalues is after fitting covariables Percentages are taken with respect to residual variances i.e. variances after fitting covariables *** MESSAGE *** The fit for species is additional to the fit due to covariables. With covariables, CANOCO cannot calculate residuals for samples. 1 *** Specification of blocks *** *** The permutations are conditioned on 19 covariable(s), namely: *** covariable A1 covariable A2 covariable A3 covariable A4 covariable B1 covariable B2 covariable B3 covariable B4 covariable C1 covariable C2 covariable C3 covariable C4 covariable D1 covariable D2 covariable D3 covariable D4 covariable E1 covariable E2 covariable E3 *** Sample arrangement in permutation test *** Samples in block 1 : 1 21 The 2 plots are permuted completely at random Samples in block 2 : 2 22 The 2 plots are permuted completely at random Samples in block 3 : 3 23 The 2 plots are permuted completely at random Samples in block 4 : 4 24 The 2 plots are permuted completely at random Samples in block 5 : 5 25 The 2 plots are permuted completely at random Samples in block 6 : 6 26 The 2 plots are permuted completely at random Samples in block 7 : 7 27 The 2 plots are permuted completely at random Samples in block 8 : 8 28 The 2 plots are permuted completely at random Samples in block 9 : 9 29 The 2 plots are permuted completely at random Samples in block 10 : 10 30 The 2 plots are permuted completely at random Samples in block 11 : 11 31 The 2 plots are permuted completely at random Samples in block 12 : 12 32 The 2 plots are permuted completely at random Samples in block 13 : 13 33 The 2 plots are permuted completely at random Samples in block 14 : 14 34 The 2 plots are permuted completely at random Samples in block 15 : 15 35 The 2 plots are permuted completely at random Samples in block 16 : 16 36 The 2 plots are permuted completely at random Samples in block 17 : 17 37 The 2 plots are permuted completely at random Samples in block 18 : 18 38 The 2 plots are permuted completely at random Samples in block 19 : 19 39 The 2 plots are permuted completely at random Samples in block 20 : 20 40 The 2 plots are permuted completely at random Seeds: 12083 29818 **** Summary of Monte Carlo test **** Test of significance of all canonical axes : Trace = .046 F-ratio = 4.072 P-value = .005 ( 199 permutations under reduced model)