Program CANOCO Version 4.0 September 1997 - written by Cajo J.F. ter Braak Copyright (c) 1988-1997 Centre for Biometry Wageningen, CPRO-DLO Box 100, 6700 AC Wageningen, the Netherlands. CANOCO performs (partial) (detrended) (canonical) correspondence analysis, principal components analysis and redundancy analysis. CANOCO is an extension of Cornell Ecology program DECORANA (Hill,1979) For explanation of the input/output see the manual or Ter Braak, C.J.F. (1995) Ordination. Chapter 5 in: Data Analysis in Community and Landscape Ecology (Jongman, R.H.G., Ter Braak, C.J.F. and Van Tongeren, O.F.R., Eds) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 91-173 pp. *** Type of analysis *** Model Gradient analysis indirect direct hybrid linear 1=PCA 2= RDA 3 unimodal 4= CA 5= CCA 6 ,, 7=DCA 8=DCCA 9 10=non-standard analysis Type analysis number Answer = 2 *** Data files *** Species data : GRID_SPE.DTA Covariable data : Environmental data : GRID_ENV.DTA Initialization file: Forward selection of envi. variables = 0 Scaling of ordination scores = 1 Diagnostics = 1 File : GRID_SPE.DTA Title : 20 X 20 vegetation samples of wetland KOOLMANSDIJK (ter Braak & Wiertz 1994) Format : (I5,8(I5,F4.0)) No. of couplets of species number and abundance per line : 8 No samples omitted Number of samples 40 Number of species 100 Number of occurrences 1572 File : GRID_ENV.DTA Title : 5*4 gridcells, 4 strips, 2 years, pH/waterd KOOLMANSDIJK (ter Braak & Wiertz 1 Format : (I3,3(I3,F3.0),I3,F6.0,2(I3,F5.0)) No. of environmental variables : 30 *** Interaction terms *** Variable 31 = variable 1 * variable 26 Variable 32 = variable 2 * variable 26 Variable 33 = variable 3 * variable 26 Variable 34 = variable 4 * variable 26 Variable 35 = variable 5 * variable 26 Variable 36 = variable 6 * variable 26 Variable 37 = variable 7 * variable 26 Variable 38 = variable 8 * variable 26 Variable 39 = variable 9 * variable 26 Variable 40 = variable 10 * variable 26 Variable 41 = variable 11 * variable 26 Variable 42 = variable 12 * variable 26 Variable 43 = variable 13 * variable 26 Variable 44 = variable 14 * variable 26 Variable 45 = variable 15 * variable 26 Variable 46 = variable 16 * variable 26 Variable 47 = variable 17 * variable 26 Variable 48 = variable 18 * variable 26 Variable 49 = variable 19 * variable 26 Variable 50 = variable 20 * variable 26 Variable 51 = variable 1 * variable 27 Variable 52 = variable 2 * variable 27 Variable 53 = variable 3 * variable 27 Variable 54 = variable 4 * variable 27 Variable 55 = variable 5 * variable 27 Variable 56 = variable 6 * variable 27 Variable 57 = variable 7 * variable 27 Variable 58 = variable 8 * variable 27 Variable 59 = variable 9 * variable 27 Variable 60 = variable 10 * variable 27 Variable 61 = variable 11 * variable 27 Variable 62 = variable 12 * variable 27 Variable 63 = variable 13 * variable 27 Variable 64 = variable 14 * variable 27 Variable 65 = variable 15 * variable 27 Variable 66 = variable 16 * variable 27 Variable 67 = variable 17 * variable 27 Variable 68 = variable 18 * variable 27 Variable 69 = variable 19 * variable 27 Variable 70 = variable 20 * variable 27 No transformation of species data No species-weights specified No sample-weights specified Centring/standardization by species = 1 Centring/standardization by samples = 0 No. of active samples: 40 No. of passive samples: 0 No. of active species: 100 Total sum of squares in species data = 1124.95 Total standard deviation in species data TAU = .530318 **** WARNING **** Number of envi. and co- variables exceeds number of samples-1 **** Some variables (often, the last ones) will be found collinear ****** Collinearity detected when fitting variable 70 ****** 1 **** Correlation matrix **** SPEC AX1 1.0000 SPEC AX2 .0000 1.0000 SPEC AX3 .0000 .0000 1.0000 SPEC AX4 .0000 .0000 .0000 1.0000 ENVI AX1 1.0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 1.0000 ENVI AX2 .0000 1.0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 1.0000 ENVI AX3 .0000 .0000 1.0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 1.0000 ENVI AX4 .0000 .0000 .0000 1.0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 1.0000 A1 *1977 .3040 -.0174 .2077 .3328 .3040 -.0174 .2077 .3328 A2 *1977 .2718 -.0270 .0424 .1892 .2718 -.0270 .0424 .1892 A3 *1977 .1964 .1261 .2204 .1231 .1964 .1261 .2204 .1231 A4 *1977 .2213 .0474 .2284 -.0736 .2213 .0474 .2284 -.0736 B1 *1977 .2429 -.1500 -.0549 .2638 .2429 -.1500 -.0549 .2638 B2 *1977 .2298 -.0670 -.1500 -.0606 .2298 -.0670 -.1500 -.0606 B3 *1977 .1899 .0000 .2231 -.0447 .1899 .0000 .2231 -.0447 B4 *1977 .1767 -.1031 .2577 -.2675 .1767 -.1031 .2577 -.2675 C1 *1977 .2055 -.1592 .0080 .1356 .2055 -.1592 .0080 .1356 C2 *1977 .2022 -.1477 -.0299 -.0529 .2022 -.1477 -.0299 -.0529 C3 *1977 .0920 -.1275 -.1579 -.1995 .0920 -.1275 -.1579 -.1995 C4 *1977 .0509 -.1765 -.0037 -.3061 .0509 -.1765 -.0037 -.3061 D1 *1977 .0039 -.2065 -.0170 -.1092 .0039 -.2065 -.0170 -.1092 D2 *1977 .0637 -.1768 -.1400 -.1077 .0637 -.1768 -.1400 -.1077 D3 *1977 -.0938 -.1798 -.1238 -.1396 -.0938 -.1798 -.1238 -.1396 D4 *1977 -.0875 -.1567 -.1231 -.1276 -.0875 -.1567 -.1231 -.1276 E1 *1977 -.1435 -.2358 .0126 .2434 -.1435 -.2358 .0126 .2434 E2 *1977 -.1431 -.1905 -.0713 .1944 -.1431 -.1905 -.0713 .1944 E3 *1977 -.1614 -.1383 -.0366 .2115 -.1614 -.1383 -.0366 .2115 E5 *1977 -.1397 -.0995 -.0460 .0636 -.1397 -.0995 -.0460 .0636 A1 *1988 .1373 .2276 -.2550 .0245 .1373 .2276 -.2550 .0245 A2 *1988 .0541 .3222 -.2013 .0755 .0541 .3222 -.2013 .0755 A3 *1988 .0003 .4245 -.0826 .1185 .0003 .4245 -.0826 .1185 A4 *1988 -.0503 .3237 .0597 -.0364 -.0503 .3237 .0597 -.0364 B1 *1988 .0847 .0938 -.2769 .0199 .0847 .0938 -.2769 .0199 B2 *1988 .0219 .1962 -.1469 -.0868 .0219 .1962 -.1469 -.0868 B3 *1988 -.0682 .2512 .0615 -.0485 -.0682 .2512 .0615 -.0485 B4 *1988 -.0600 .2022 .3626 -.1397 -.0600 .2022 .3626 -.1397 C1 *1988 .0551 .0172 -.2269 -.0762 .0551 .0172 -.2269 -.0762 C2 *1988 -.0661 .0532 -.2053 -.2599 -.0661 .0532 -.2053 -.2599 C3 *1988 -.0841 .1004 .0192 -.2441 -.0841 .1004 .0192 -.2441 C4 *1988 -.1254 .0242 .2148 -.1282 -.1254 .0242 .2148 -.1282 D1 *1988 -.1546 -.0017 -.0267 -.0470 -.1546 -.0017 -.0267 -.0470 D2 *1988 -.1371 .0133 -.0407 -.0719 -.1371 .0133 -.0407 -.0719 D3 *1988 -.2161 -.1125 .2910 -.0804 -.2161 -.1125 .2910 -.0804 D4 *1988 -.1931 .0269 .2119 .0391 -.1931 .0269 .2119 .0391 E1 *1988 -.2087 .0432 -.0461 .1415 -.2087 .0432 -.0461 .1415 E2 *1988 -.2322 -.0373 -.0487 .1268 -.2322 -.0373 -.0487 .1268 E3 *1988 -.2124 .0100 -.0625 .2962 -.2124 .0100 -.0625 .2962 E5 *1988 -.2272 .0074 .1527 .1087 -.2272 .0074 .1527 .1087 SPEC AX1 SPEC AX2 SPEC AX3 SPEC AX4 ENVI AX1 ENVI AX2 ENVI AX3 ENVI AX4 A1 *1977 1.0000 A2 *1977 -.0256 1.0000 A3 *1977 -.0256 -.0256 1.0000 A4 *1977 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 1.0000 B1 *1977 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 1.0000 B2 *1977 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 1.0000 B3 *1977 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 1.0000 B4 *1977 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 1.0000 C1 *1977 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 C2 *1977 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 C3 *1977 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 C4 *1977 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 D1 *1977 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 D2 *1977 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 D3 *1977 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 D4 *1977 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 E1 *1977 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 E2 *1977 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 E3 *1977 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 E5 *1977 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 A1 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 A2 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 A3 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 A4 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 B1 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 B2 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 B3 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 B4 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 C1 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 C2 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 C3 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 C4 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 D1 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 D2 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 D3 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 D4 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 E1 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 E2 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 E3 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 E5 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 A1 *1977 A2 *1977 A3 *1977 A4 *1977 B1 *1977 B2 *1977 B3 *1977 B4 *1977 C1 *1977 1.0000 C2 *1977 -.0256 1.0000 C3 *1977 -.0256 -.0256 1.0000 C4 *1977 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 1.0000 D1 *1977 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 1.0000 D2 *1977 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 1.0000 D3 *1977 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 1.0000 D4 *1977 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 1.0000 E1 *1977 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 E2 *1977 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 E3 *1977 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 E5 *1977 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 A1 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 A2 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 A3 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 A4 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 B1 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 B2 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 B3 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 B4 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 C1 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 C2 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 C3 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 C4 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 D1 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 D2 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 D3 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 D4 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 E1 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 E2 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 E3 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 E5 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 C1 *1977 C2 *1977 C3 *1977 C4 *1977 D1 *1977 D2 *1977 D3 *1977 D4 *1977 E1 *1977 1.0000 E2 *1977 -.0256 1.0000 E3 *1977 -.0256 -.0256 1.0000 E5 *1977 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 1.0000 A1 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 1.0000 A2 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 1.0000 A3 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 1.0000 A4 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 1.0000 B1 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 B2 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 B3 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 B4 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 C1 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 C2 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 C3 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 C4 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 D1 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 D2 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 D3 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 D4 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 E1 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 E2 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 E3 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 E5 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 E1 *1977 E2 *1977 E3 *1977 E5 *1977 A1 *1988 A2 *1988 A3 *1988 A4 *1988 B1 *1988 1.0000 B2 *1988 -.0256 1.0000 B3 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 1.0000 B4 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 1.0000 C1 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 1.0000 C2 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 1.0000 C3 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 1.0000 C4 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 1.0000 D1 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 D2 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 D3 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 D4 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 E1 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 E2 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 E3 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 E5 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 B1 *1988 B2 *1988 B3 *1988 B4 *1988 C1 *1988 C2 *1988 C3 *1988 C4 *1988 D1 *1988 1.0000 D2 *1988 -.0256 1.0000 D3 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 1.0000 D4 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 1.0000 E1 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 1.0000 E2 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 1.0000 E3 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 1.0000 E5 *1988 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 -.0256 1.0000 D1 *1988 D2 *1988 D3 *1988 D4 *1988 E1 *1988 E2 *1988 E3 *1988 E5 *1988 N name (weighted) mean stand. dev. inflation factor 1 SPEC AX1 .0000 .5176 2 SPEC AX2 .0000 .4028 3 SPEC AX3 .0000 .2451 4 SPEC AX4 .0000 .2434 5 ENVI AX1 .0000 .5176 6 ENVI AX2 .0000 .4028 7 ENVI AX3 .0000 .2451 8 ENVI AX4 .0000 .2434 31 A1 *1977 .0250 .1561 1.9500 32 A2 *1977 .0250 .1561 1.9500 33 A3 *1977 .0250 .1561 1.9500 34 A4 *1977 .0250 .1561 1.9500 35 B1 *1977 .0250 .1561 1.9500 36 B2 *1977 .0250 .1561 1.9500 37 B3 *1977 .0250 .1561 1.9500 38 B4 *1977 .0250 .1561 1.9500 39 C1 *1977 .0250 .1561 1.9500 40 C2 *1977 .0250 .1561 1.9500 41 C3 *1977 .0250 .1561 1.9500 42 C4 *1977 .0250 .1561 1.9500 43 D1 *1977 .0250 .1561 1.9500 44 D2 *1977 .0250 .1561 1.9500 45 D3 *1977 .0250 .1561 1.9500 46 D4 *1977 .0250 .1561 1.9500 47 E1 *1977 .0250 .1561 1.9500 48 E2 *1977 .0250 .1561 1.9500 49 E3 *1977 .0250 .1561 1.9500 50 E5 *1977 .0250 .1561 1.9500 51 A1 *1988 .0250 .1561 1.9500 52 A2 *1988 .0250 .1561 1.9500 53 A3 *1988 .0250 .1561 1.9500 54 A4 *1988 .0250 .1561 1.9500 55 B1 *1988 .0250 .1561 1.9500 56 B2 *1988 .0250 .1561 1.9500 57 B3 *1988 .0250 .1561 1.9500 58 B4 *1988 .0250 .1561 1.9500 59 C1 *1988 .0250 .1561 1.9500 60 C2 *1988 .0250 .1561 1.9500 61 C3 *1988 .0250 .1561 1.9500 62 C4 *1988 .0250 .1561 1.9500 63 D1 *1988 .0250 .1561 1.9500 64 D2 *1988 .0250 .1561 1.9500 65 D3 *1988 .0250 .1561 1.9500 66 D4 *1988 .0250 .1561 1.9500 67 E1 *1988 .0250 .1561 1.9500 68 E2 *1988 .0250 .1561 1.9500 69 E3 *1988 .0250 .1561 1.9500 70 E5 *1988 .0250 .1561 .0000 **** Summary **** Axes 1 2 3 4 Total variance Eigenvalues : .268 .162 .060 .059 1.000 Species-environment correlations : 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Cumulative percentage variance of species data : 26.8 43.0 49.0 54.9 of species-environment relation: 26.8 43.0 49.0 54.9 Sum of all unconstrained eigenvalues 1.000 Sum of all canonical eigenvalues 1.000