Program CANOCO Version 4.0 September 1997 - written by Cajo J.F. ter Braak Copyright (c) 1988-1997 Centre for Biometry Wageningen, CPRO-DLO Box 100, 6700 AC Wageningen, the Netherlands. CANOCO performs (partial) (detrended) (canonical) correspondence analysis, principal components analysis and redundancy analysis. CANOCO is an extension of Cornell Ecology program DECORANA (Hill,1979) For explanation of the input/output see the manual or Ter Braak, C.J.F. (1995) Ordination. Chapter 5 in: Data Analysis in Community and Landscape Ecology (Jongman, R.H.G., Ter Braak, C.J.F. and Van Tongeren, O.F.R., Eds) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 91-173 pp. *** Type of analysis *** Model Gradient analysis indirect direct hybrid linear 1=PCA 2= RDA 3 unimodal 4= CA 5= CCA 6 ,, 7=DCA 8=DCCA 9 10=non-standard analysis Type analysis number Answer = 5 *** Data files *** Species data : SPID_SPE.DTA Covariable data : Environmental data : SPIDEN26.DTA Initialization file: Forward selection of envi. variables = 1 Scaling of ordination scores = -1 Diagnostics = 3 File : SPID_SPE.DTA Title : VAN DER AART AND SMEENK-ENSERINK (1975) NETH.J.ZOOL.:HUNTING SPIDERS Format : (I6,2X, 12F4.0) No. of couplets of species number and abundance per line : 0 No samples omitted Number of samples 28 Number of species 12 Number of occurrences 182 File : SPIDEN26.DTA Title : All 26 env. vars of Van der Aart & Smeen-Enserink: (ter Braak 1986) Format : (1X,I5,(T10,7F10.4)) No. of environmental variables : 26 No interaction terms defined Squareroot-transformation of species data No species-weights specified No sample-weights specified No downweighting of rare species Squareroot-transformation of species data No. of active samples: 28 No. of passive samples: 0 No. of active species: 12 Total inertia in species data= Sum of all eigenvalues of CA = 1.14932 ****** Check on influence in covariable/environment data ****** The following sample(s) have extreme values Sample Environmental Covariable + Environment space variable Influence influence influence 2 15 5.9x 3 12 5.4x 6 15 7.1x 6 16 92.3x 6 19 35.5x 7 9 39.9x 8 22 15.6x 8 23 7.2x 13 11 7.3x ****** End of check ****** **** Start of forward selection of variables **** *** Unrestricted permutation *** Seeds: 23239 945 N Name Extra fit 16 CoveShru .02 17 MaxHShru .05 19 CoveLigu .06 18 MinHShru .06 12 CoveFesc .06 9 MinHHerb .07 11 CoveCare .08 15 CoveMoeh .08 14 CoveUrti .10 23 CoveCrat .17 20 CoveTree .19 7 CoveHerb .19 22 CovePopu .20 21 MaxHTree .21 24 Lux grey .23 5 FallTwig .23 8 MaxHHerb .25 10 CoveCala .25 25 Lux sun .27 6 CoveMoss .30 26 Refl lux .30 4 BareSand .30 13 CoveCory .35 2 Humuscon .41 3 Acidity .47 1 Watercon .47 Environmental variable 1 tested Number of permutations= 199 *** Permutation under reduced model *** P-value .0050 (variable 1; F-ratio= 17.80; number of permutations= 199) Environmental variable 1 added to model Variance explained by the variables selected: .47 " " " all variables : 1.13 N Name Extra fit 16 CoveShru .01 9 MinHHerb .02 19 CoveLigu .02 15 CoveMoeh .02 14 CoveUrti .02 12 CoveFesc .03 17 MaxHShru .04 18 MinHShru .04 2 Humuscon .04 4 BareSand .07 8 MaxHHerb .07 11 CoveCare .08 13 CoveCory .08 6 CoveMoss .09 3 Acidity .12 20 CoveTree .13 23 CoveCrat .13 10 CoveCala .13 25 Lux sun .14 26 Refl lux .14 24 Lux grey .14 7 CoveHerb .14 21 MaxHTree .17 5 FallTwig .18 22 CovePopu .18 Environmental variable 22 tested Number of permutations= 199 *** Permutation under reduced model *** P-value .0050 (variable 22; F-ratio= 9.13; number of permutations= 199) Environmental variable 22 added to model Variance explained by the variables selected: .65 " " " all variables : 1.13 N Name Extra fit 18 MinHShru .01 17 MaxHShru .01 16 CoveShru .01 12 CoveFesc .01 9 MinHHerb .01 23 CoveCrat .02 19 CoveLigu .02 21 MaxHTree .02 20 CoveTree .03 15 CoveMoeh .03 14 CoveUrti .03 2 Humuscon .03 11 CoveCare .03 26 Refl lux .04 24 Lux grey .04 5 FallTwig .05 25 Lux sun .05 7 CoveHerb .06 6 CoveMoss .06 8 MaxHHerb .07 10 CoveCala .07 4 BareSand .07 13 CoveCory .07 3 Acidity .12 Environmental variable 3 tested Number of permutations= 199 *** Permutation under reduced model *** P-value .0050 (variable 3; F-ratio= 7.88; number of permutations= 199) Environmental variable 3 added to model Variance explained by the variables selected: .77 " " " all variables : 1.13 N Name Extra fit 12 CoveFesc .01 16 CoveShru .01 19 CoveLigu .01 9 MinHHerb .01 15 CoveMoeh .01 23 CoveCrat .02 2 Humuscon .02 14 CoveUrti .02 17 MaxHShru .02 18 MinHShru .02 5 FallTwig .02 21 MaxHTree .02 20 CoveTree .02 4 BareSand .03 26 Refl lux .03 11 CoveCare .03 25 Lux sun .03 24 Lux grey .04 7 CoveHerb .04 6 CoveMoss .04 8 MaxHHerb .04 13 CoveCory .07 10 CoveCala .07 Environmental variable 10 tested Number of permutations= 199 *** Permutation under reduced model *** P-value .0050 (variable 10; F-ratio= 5.11; number of permutations= 199) Environmental variable 10 added to model Variance explained by the variables selected: .84 " " " all variables : 1.13 N Name Extra fit 12 CoveFesc .01 9 MinHHerb .01 5 FallTwig .01 19 CoveLigu .01 16 CoveShru .01 14 CoveUrti .01 2 Humuscon .02 23 CoveCrat .02 15 CoveMoeh .02 4 BareSand .02 7 CoveHerb .02 18 MinHShru .02 17 MaxHShru .02 6 CoveMoss .02 21 MaxHTree .02 8 MaxHHerb .03 11 CoveCare .03 20 CoveTree .04 26 Refl lux .04 13 CoveCory .04 24 Lux grey .05 25 Lux sun .05 Environmental variable 25 tested Number of permutations= 199 *** Permutation under reduced model *** P-value .0050 (variable 25; F-ratio= 4.10; number of permutations= 199) Environmental variable 25 added to model Variance explained by the variables selected: .89 " " " all variables : 1.13 N Name Extra fit 8 MaxHHerb .01 26 Refl lux .01 5 FallTwig .01 9 MinHHerb .01 2 Humuscon .01 12 CoveFesc .01 20 CoveTree .01 15 CoveMoeh .01 23 CoveCrat .01 11 CoveCare .01 19 CoveLigu .01 14 CoveUrti .01 6 CoveMoss .02 4 BareSand .02 21 MaxHTree .02 13 CoveCory .02 7 CoveHerb .02 16 CoveShru .02 24 Lux grey .02 18 MinHShru .03 17 MaxHShru .03 Environmental variable 17 tested Number of permutations= 199 *** Permutation under reduced model *** P-value .0200 (variable 17; F-ratio= 2.64; number of permutations= 199) Environmental variable 17 added to model Variance explained by the variables selected: .92 " " " all variables : 1.13 N Name Extra fit 26 Refl lux .01 2 Humuscon .01 20 CoveTree .01 8 MaxHHerb .01 12 CoveFesc .01 9 MinHHerb .01 14 CoveUrti .01 11 CoveCare .01 7 CoveHerb .01 4 BareSand .01 6 CoveMoss .01 23 CoveCrat .01 15 CoveMoeh .01 18 MinHShru .02 5 FallTwig .02 13 CoveCory .02 21 MaxHTree .02 16 CoveShru .02 24 Lux grey .02 19 CoveLigu .02 Environmental variable 26 omitted Environmental variable 24 omitted Environmental variable 23 omitted Environmental variable 21 omitted Environmental variable 20 omitted Environmental variable 19 omitted Environmental variable 18 omitted Environmental variable 16 omitted Environmental variable 15 omitted Environmental variable 14 omitted Environmental variable 13 omitted Environmental variable 12 omitted Environmental variable 11 omitted Environmental variable 9 omitted Environmental variable 8 omitted Environmental variable 7 omitted Environmental variable 6 omitted Environmental variable 5 omitted Environmental variable 4 omitted Environmental variable 2 omitted 1 **** Weighted correlation matrix (weight = sample total) **** SPEC AX1 1.0000 SPEC AX2 -.0106 1.0000 SPEC AX3 -.0647 -.0348 1.0000 SPEC AX4 .0054 .0647 .0326 1.0000 ENVI AX1 .9690 .0000 .0000 .0000 1.0000 ENVI AX2 .0000 .9320 .0000 .0000 .0000 1.0000 ENVI AX3 .0000 .0000 .9095 .0000 .0000 .0000 1.0000 ENVI AX4 .0000 .0000 .0000 .7860 .0000 .0000 .0000 1.0000 Watercon -.8936 -.0145 -.0662 -.1631 -.9222 -.0156 -.0728 -.2075 Acidity .8719 .1992 -.2983 .0022 .8998 .2137 -.3279 .0027 CoveCala -.5036 -.5180 -.4697 .2613 -.5197 -.5558 -.5164 .3324 MaxHShru -.2096 .3120 .0124 .1517 -.2163 .3347 .0136 .1929 CovePopu -.2469 .8009 .2398 .2768 -.2548 .8593 .2637 .3522 Lux sun .5494 -.6137 .1454 .1153 .5670 -.6584 .1598 .1466 SPEC AX1 SPEC AX2 SPEC AX3 SPEC AX4 ENVI AX1 ENVI AX2 ENVI AX3 ENVI AX4 Watercon 1.0000 Acidity -.8035 1.0000 CoveCala .5006 -.4434 1.0000 MaxHShru .1228 .0419 -.1697 1.0000 CovePopu .1386 -.1395 -.3529 .3700 1.0000 Lux sun -.4791 .2502 .1295 -.6704 -.5921 1.0000 Watercon Acidity CoveCala MaxHShru CovePopu Lux sun N name (weighted) mean stand. dev. inflation factor 1 SPEC AX1 .0000 1.1335 2 SPEC AX2 .0000 .5570 3 SPEC AX3 .0000 .4260 4 SPEC AX4 .0000 .1802 5 ENVI AX1 .0000 1.0983 6 ENVI AX2 .0000 .5192 7 ENVI AX3 .0000 .3875 8 ENVI AX4 .0000 .1416 1 Watercon 2.6694 .6842 5.0809 3 Acidity 4.1170 1.2288 3.2616 10 CoveCala 2.5892 1.8321 1.9186 17 MaxHShru .5401 1.0741 2.0515 22 CovePopu .3887 .9800 1.8859 25 Lux sun 2.8139 1.1153 4.0480 **** Summary **** Axes 1 2 3 4 Total inertia Eigenvalues : .547 .212 .131 .020 1.149 Species-environment correlations : .969 .932 .910 .786 Cumulative percentage variance of species data : 47.6 66.0 77.4 79.1 of species-environment relation: 59.5 82.6 96.8 99.0 Sum of all unconstrained eigenvalues 1.149 Sum of all canonical eigenvalues .919